プログレッシブ和英中辞典(第4版)の解説
－に
((格助詞))
❶〔場所〕at; in
戸口にたたずむ
stand at the door／stand in the doorway
伯父の家に滞在している
I am staying at my uncle's.／I am staying with my uncle.
25番地に住んでいる
I live at No. 25.
太陽は西に沈む
The sun sets in the west.
姉は大阪に住んでいる
My sister lives in Osaka.
人形を箱に入れた
She put the doll in a box.
もう家に入りなさい
Go in [into] the house now.
タオルを水につけた
I soaked my towel in water.
紙に名前を書きなさい
Write your name on the paper.
左側に肉屋がある
There's a butcher's on the left.
壁によりかかった
He leaned against the wall.
窓辺に人が立っている
A man is standing by the window.
❷〔方向〕to；〔目的地〕for
明日京都に行く
Tomorrow I am going to Kyoto.
九州に向けて発った
He left for Kyushu.
昨日ローマに［港に］着いた
He arrived 「in Rome [at the harbor] yesterday.
いつ家に帰り着きますか
When will you get home?
次の角で左に曲りなさい
Turn (to the) left at the next corner.
❸〔時〕at; on; in（▼一般的に，時刻はat, 日付はon, 月・年・時代はinを用いる）
１時に
at one (o'clock)
正午［夜明け］に
at noon [dawn]
10歳の時に
at (the age of) ten／at ten years of age／when I was ten
午前中に［朝に］
in the morning
真夜中に
in the middle of the night
３月に
in March
1995年に
in (the year) 1995
７月２日の朝に
「on the morning of [in the morning on] the second of July
日曜日に
on Sunday
晩年に
in one's later [last] years／toward the end of one's life
古代［現代］に
in ancient [modern] times
江戸時代に
in the Edo period
彼は３年後に帰国するはずだ
He is due to return home 「in three years [in three years' time].
❹〔割合〕
この雑誌は１年に４回発行される
This magazine is issued four times a [per] year.
総会は３年に１度開かれる
The general assembly is held every three years.
10人に１人が試験に合格した
One out of ten passed the examination.
❺〔比較，関係〕
前記に同じ
the same as the above-mentioned
それはこれに劣る
That is 「inferior to this [worse than this].
人生はよく川にたとえられる
Life is often likened [compared] to a river.
兄に比べると背が低い
Compared with his brother, he is rather short.
その事件に関係している
He 「is connected [has something to do] with that incident.
スキャンダルに巻き込まれた
He was involved in a scandal.
❻〔理由，原因〕for；with
恥ずかしさに赤面した
She blushed for shame.
うれしさに躍り上がった
He danced for [with] joy.
寒さに震えた
They shivered with cold.
彼らは飢えに苦しんでいた
They were suffering from hunger.
警報に驚いた
We were startled by the alarm.
❼〔…として〕as; for
親切にしてもらったお礼（の印）に彼らを招待した
He invited them 「as a token of his gratitude for [in return for] their kindness.
誕生祝いに時計をもらった
He was given a watch for his birthday.
❽〔付加，反復〕
10に３を加える
add three to ten
伯父に伯母にその息子たちが来た
My uncle and aunt and their sons came.
紅茶にもっと砂糖を入れたら
Why don't you put more sugar in the tea?
夜を日についで働き続ける
work 「night and day [day and night]
彼は走りに走った
He ran and ran.
❾〔変化の対象〕
大人になる
grow up (to be a man [woman])／become an adult
病気になる
become [fall] ill／《米》 get sick
彼ならいい大工になるだろう
He will become [make] a good carpenter.
このぶどうはぶどう酒にするのです
We make wine from these grapes.／These grapes are made into wine.
❿〔動作の対象〕
山に登る
climb a mountain
駅で友達に会った
I met a friend of mine at the station.
息子に本を与えた
I gave 「my son a book [a book to my son].
知らない人に話しかけた
He spoke to a stranger.
妹にハンドバッグを買ってあげた
I bought 「my sister a handbag [a handbag for my sister].
上司に電話をかけた
I telephoned my boss.／I called my boss on the phone.
彼に頼ってはいけない
Don't depend [rely] on him.
⓫〔行為の目的〕
旅行に出掛ける
go on a trip
散歩に行く
go for a walk
川へ釣り［泳ぎ］に行く
go fishing [swimming] in a river
玄関にだれが来たか見に行きなさい
Go and [to] see who is at the door.
⓬〔動作主〕
彼にだまされた
I was fooled by him.
あの男に財布を取られた
That man stole my wallet.／I was robbed of my wallet by that man.
その話はみんなに知られている
The story is known to everybody.
それは誰に聞きましたか
From whom did you hear that?／Who told you about it?
⓭〔…に関して〕
彼は公徳心に欠けている
He is lacking in a sense of public morality.
青年は活力に満ちていた
The youth was full of vitality.
⓮〔状態〕
二つの線は直角に交わっている
The two lines cross each other at right angles.
垣根［ガラス戸］越しにその男を見た
I looked at the man 「over the fence [through the glass door].
一言も言わずに出て行った
He went out without saying a word.