プログレッシブ和英中辞典(第３版)の解説
－で【－で】
((格助詞))
1 〔場所〕at; in; on
- スーパーで買った牛肉
the beef I bought at a supermarket - 東京駅で彼に会った
I met him at Tokyo Station. - プラットホーム［三階］でお待ちします
I'll wait for you on 「the platform [the third floor]. - 名古屋でバスを降りる
get off a bus in Nagoya - 川で泳ぐ
swim in a river - 彼はコンクールで優勝した
He won (the) first prize in the contest. - 海岸で遊ぶ
play on the beach - 通りで人に会う
((米)) meet a person on the street (▼((英))ではin the street) - 農場で働く
work on a farm - 二階で寝る
sleep upstairs - 高校で同級生だった
We were classmates in high school.
2 〔手段，用具〕with; in; by
- お玉じゃくしでスープをかきまぜる
stir soup with a ladle - ペンで書く
write with a pen - 英語で話す
speak in English - 現金［千円札5枚］で払う
pay 「in cash [with five 1,000 yen bills] - 彼の新車でドライブに行った
We went for a drive in his new car. - 辞書でその語を調べなさい
Look up the word in a dictionary. - 機械で織った敷物
a rug woven by machine - 自転車で
by [on a] bicycle - 飛行機で
by air [airplane／plane] - 手紙は航空便で着いた
The letter came by air (mail). - 彼女は歌で生計をたてている
She earns her living by singing. - 弱火で魚を煮る
simmer fish over a low heat - ピアノでソナタを弾く
play a sonata on the piano - ぬれたシャツを暖炉で乾かした
I dried my wet shirt by [over／in front of] the fire. - 望遠鏡で星を観察する
observe stars through a telescope
3 〔材料〕of; 〔原料〕from
- 木で作った箱
a box made of wood／a wooden box - ミルクでチーズを作る
make cheese from milk - プラスチックでいろいろの容器を作る
make various containers 「out of [from] plastic
4 〔原因，理由〕of; from; with
- チフスで死んだ
He died of typhoid fever. - 自分の意志で辞職した
He resigned of his own free will. - 飢えで苦しんでいた
They were suffering from hunger. - 責任感でやったことだ
He did it from [out of] a sense of responsibility. - 寝不足で気分が悪かった
I felt unwell from lack of sleep. - 泥で汚れた靴
shoes covered with mud - 怒りで気も狂いそうだった
I was almost insane with anger. - 病気で行かれない
I cannot go 「because of [((文))on account of] illness. - 雨で遠足がお流れになった
Our excursion 「was washed out by [was called off because of] the rain. - 不注意で事故を起こした
He caused an accident through his carelessness. - 雪の重みで家がつぶれた
The roof collapsed under the weight of the snow. - 火事で焼け出される
be burned out by a fire - 事故でけがをした
He was injured in an accident. - 日照りで植物が枯れた
The plants withered in the dry weather. - 彼は詐欺罪でつかまった
He was arrested for fraud. - この湖は美しさで有名だ
This lake is noted for its beauty. - 喜んで飛び跳ねた
He jumped up and down for joy. - 所用で大阪へ行った
He went to Osaka on business. - ころんでひざをけがした
He fell down and hurt his knee. - 娘の死を悲しんで部屋に閉じこもった
Grieving over the death of his daughter, he shut himself up in his room.
5 〔値段〕for
- このセーターを5,000円で買った
I bought this sweater for five thousand yen. - スーツを3万円で売る
sell a suit at [for] thirty thousand yen - 1万円でおつりがありますか
Can you give me change if I pay with a 10,000 yen bill?
6 〔基準・単位〕by
- この国ではバターはポンドで売られる
Butter is sold by the pound in this country. - 人を外見で判断してはいけない
You should not judge people by their appearance. - 話し方でだれだか分かった
「I knew who it was by [I recognized her from] the way she was talking. - 1時間に4キロの割合で歩いた
I walked at the rate of four kilometers an hour. - 試験の成績でクラスを分けている
Students are 「divided into [placed in] different classes according to their test scores. - 値段は大きさで違う
The price varies with the size. - りんごは5個で400円だった
I paid four hundred yen for five apples. - この肉は100グラムで300円だった
The meat cost three hundred yen per [for a] hundred grams.
7 〔時間〕
- 二日でその仕事を終えた
He finished the work in two days. - 会合は午前で済むだろう
The meeting will be over by noon. - 少年は7月2日で15歳になる
The boy will be fifteen years old come [on] July 2. - 明日で願書受付は締切りになる
Applications must be filed by tomorrow.／Tomorrow is the deadline for applications.
8 〔年齢〕at (the age of)
- 10歳でソナタを作曲した
He composed a sonata at (the age of) ten. - 30代で店を持った
He set up a business in his thirties.
9 〔動作の行われる状態・条件〕
- 一人でそれをした
I did it 「by myself [on my own]. - 傘なしで出掛けた
He went out without his umbrella. - 土足で部屋に入ってはいけない
You can't enter the room with your shoes on. - 彼女は着物姿でパーティーに行った
She went to the party in (a) kimono. - 彼は無礼な態度で見回した
He looked around 「in a rude manner [rudely]. - きれいな声で歌っている
She is singing in a lovely [pretty] voice. - にこにこ顔で話し掛けてきた
He spoke to me with a big [broad] smile. - 彼は実力だけで出世した
He succeeded in life simply on the strength of ability.
－で【－で】
((接続助詞))〔そして，一方〕
- 誠実で親切な人だ
He is a kind, honest man. - 米国人で奥さんが日本人の人を知っている
I know an American whose wife is Japanese. - 彼は著名な音楽家で息子は詩人だ
He is a well-known musician, and his son is a poet. - 新聞を読んで食事をした
He read the paper and then had his meal.／After reading the paper, he ate his meal.
で【で】
〔それで〕
- で，これからどうしようか
Well, what shall we do now? - で，結果はどうだった
And how did it turn out?