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(1)急性骨髄性白血病(acute myelogenous leukemia:AML) a.予後予測因子
AMLの予後予測因子として最も重要なのは染色体核型である. b.第一寛解期における造血幹細胞移植の適応
第一寛解期のAMLに対するgenetic randomizationの臨床試験を統合したメタ解析で染色体による予後予測群別に解析したところ,予後不良群と中間群では同種移植によって全生存率の改善も期待できることが示された(Korethら,2009).したがって,中間群あるいは予後不良群の第一寛解期AMLにおいてはHLA適合同胞がいる場合には積極的に同種移植を勧めてよいと考えられる(ただし,今後は染色体正常核型群がFLT3,NPMなどの遺伝子異常でさらに細かく分類されるようになるであろう). c.再発後の治療
非寛解期あるいは第二以降の寛解期,すなわち1度でも再発を経験した症例は,長期の寛解期の後に再発した症例を除くと,通常の化学療法や自家移植で治癒する確率はきわめて低く,同種移植の適応と考えてよい.非寛解期AMLにおいては同種移植が唯一の長期無病生存が期待できる治療法であるが,その確率は決して高くはない.[神田善伸] ■文献
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